Various types of bridge bearings have been developed to meet the requirements resulting from loads, deformation and rotations.
Types of bearings
Elastomeric bearing, Movements such as displacements and rotations can take place in all directions due to the deformation of the elastomer. A steel-reinforced elastomer is used to prevent large deformations in the vertical direction. The reinforcement prevents the lateral extension of the elastomer, thus giving the bearing greater vertical rigidity and increasing the load that can be applied. These bearings are suitable for structures that are subject to small to medium loads. Special elastomeric bearings are used to insulate against vibrations and structure-borne sound in engineering structures.
Pot bearings, are used as another way of compensating for differential movements in various types of structures, and in particular in the bridge engineering sector. They are designed in such a way that they permit vibrations, movements and rotations caused by earthquakes, traffic loads or climatic influences, while simultaneously protecting the structure against damage.
In spherical bearings the rotational element is a convex spherical calotte with sliding material mating with a spherical sliding element. The are used in combination with flat sliding elements and guides to form free and guided bearings spherical bearings or combined with a flat sliding element can be used together with a restraining ring to form fixed bearings and are suitable for structures that are subject to medium to high loads. Because they have only a small installation height, they are used, in particular, in structures with a small surface area. Spherical bearings absorb large rotations in all directions.
The tests are performed in accordance to the specific requirement of the project and may include:
The corrosion protection of structural steel is normally performed in accordance with EN ISO 12944., working life of the protective coating system on the bearing can be assumed to be fulfilled with a protective system designed for the durability of more than 25 years in accordance with EN ISO 12944-5:2019, for very high corrosivity atmospheric environmental conditions category C5 as classified by EN ISO 12944-2:2017, table 1.
Surfaces in contact with concrete need no corrosion protection, however a layer of 50 μm of the first pack is applied in order to prevent oxidation during the storage before the installation. A return of at least 50 mm is applied. In alternative paint will conform to the Project specifications, as specified by the purchaser, As an option the corrosion protection may be performed by zinc or aluminum metal spray in accordance with ISO 12944 extending the time to first maintenance or for extreme environmental conditions.
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